Overpopulation & Global Sustainability - Tri Duc English Tri Duc English IELTS Speaking Part 3 Overpopulation & Sustainability Evaluating Demographic Pressure, Resource Depletion, and Strategic Growth Control Topic Vocabulary Demographic Terms Urban sprawl (n) The uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into the surrounding countryside. Mortality rate /mɔːˈtæl.ə.ti/ (n) The number of deaths in a given period or place; decreased by better health services. Contraception /ˌkɒn.trəˈsep.ʃən/ (n) Methods or devices used to prevent pregnancy; vital for family planning. Depletion /dɪˈpliː.ʃən/ (n) The reduction in the number or quantity of something (especially natural resources). Unhygienic /ˌʌn.haɪˈdʒen.ɪk/ (adj) Not clean or sanitary; likely to spread disease (often in overcrowded slums). Tax deduction (n) A reduction in the amount of tax a person or couple has to pay, used as a financial incentive. Unsustainable /ˌʌn.səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl/ (adj) Not able to be maintained at the current rate or level without damaging the future. Life expectancy (n) The average period that a person may expect to live, increased by medical advancement. Causes & Factors High birth rates and immigration rates. Decreased rate of mortality . Widespread availability of health services. Increased life expectancy . Systemic Effects Unhygienic conditions and disease spread. Housing shortage , high rents/land prices. Depletion of resources and deforestation . Unemployment, lower wages , and sprawl. Control Measures Family planning and counseling. Widespread access to contraception . Special tax deductions for smaller families. Increasing public awareness initiatives. Demographic Mastery Quiz Question 1 Which factor directly contributes to an increase in ov...