Personality & Human Psychology - Tri Duc English Tri Duc English IELTS Speaking Part 3 Personality & Identity Exploring Heredity, Environmental Influence, and the Evolution of the Human Character Topic Vocabulary Psychological Terms Heredity /həˈred.ə.ti/ (n) The physical or mental characteristics that are passed from parents to their children through genes. Temperament /ˈtem.pər.ə.mənt/ (n) The part of your character that affects your moods and the way you behave. Self-perception (n) The way in which you understand and think about your own character and abilities. Predisposition /ˌpriː.dɪs.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/ (n) A tendency to behave in a particular way or suffer from a particular condition. Well-adjusted (adj) Mentally healthy and able to deal with people and life's problems effectively. Cognitive Potential (n) The innate mental capability of a person to learn, reason, and solve problems. Nurture /ˈnɜː.tʃər/ (v/n) The care and influence of the environment in which you grow up. Social Conduct (n) The way a person behaves in a group or society according to expected rules. Genetic Factors (Nature) Heredity: Physical and psychological features passed from parents. Temperament: Natural traits like calmness or reactivity. Cognitive Potentials: Innate intellectual abilities and talents. Appearance: Physical qualities that influence initial social interaction. Environmental Factors (Nurture) Upbringing: Family size and living conditions. Social Environment: Education and peer groups. Experiences: Life lessons that shape self-perception . Values & Goals: Learned beliefs and personal aspirations. Psychology Concept Check Question 1 Which factor refers to characteristics passed down biologically? A. Heredity B. Upbringing Question 2 If someone handles life's problems effectively, they are described as: A. Hectic B. Well-adjusted Discussion Practice (Tự luận) Development & Origin Perception & Appearance External Influences 1. Heredity vs. Environment "Which has a greater effect on personality: heredity or environment?" Show Model Answer I believe it is a complex interplay between the two. While heredity provides the biological predisposition and temperament , the environment acts as the sculptor. A child may be born with high cognitive potential , but without a supportive upbringing and access to education, that potential may remain dormant. Thus, heredity provides the raw materials, but life experiences and social environment ultimately determine the finished character. 4. Upbringing & ...