TRI DUC ENGLISH ✦ ACADEMIC EDGE UNIT 27 EDITION Graphs and diagrams Interpreting charts · Describing trends · Data visualization 💡 Pro Tip: Di chuột (hover) vào các từ in đậm màu cam trong phần lý thuyết để xem định nghĩa chi tiết. A. Types of diagrams Diagrams are visual ways of presenting data concisely . They are often also called figures . In an academic article they are usually labelled Fig. (Figure) 1, Fig. 2, etc . 🔹 A pie chart is a circle divided into segments from the middle to show how the total is divided up . A key or legend shows what each segment represents . 🔹 A bar chart is a diagram in which different amounts are represented by thin vertical or horizontal bars which have the same width but vary in height or length . 🔹 A histogram is a kind of bar chart but the bar width also varies to indicate different values . 🔹 A table is a grid with columns and rows of numbers . 🔹 A cross-section is something, or a model of something, cut across the middle so that you can see the inside . A label gives the name of each part of the cross-section . Cross-section can also be used to mean a small group that is representative of all the different types within the total group (e.g. the survey looked at a cross-section of society ) . 🔹 A flowchart is a diagram which indicates the stages of a process . B. A graph The graph presents data relating to teenagers and pocket money . A random sample of 1,000 teenagers were surveyed and the average pocket money received at each age has been plotted on the graph . The x axis or horizontal axis indicates age and the y axis or vertical axis shows the amount of money received per week . The amount received reaches a peak at the age of 18 and then starts to decline . This decline can perhaps be explained by the fact that many teenagers start earning and stop receiving pocket money at the age of 18 . Graphs are drawn by plotting points on them and then drawing a line to join adjacent points . If there are two lines on a graph — then the lines would probably cross or intersect at various points . Lines that run parallel to one another never intersect . Describing Trends (Verbs & Nouns) Graphs show how numbers increase or decrease . The nouns increa...