Bài tập - LESSON 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF INFECTION CONTROL A

🧩 Bài tập - LESSON 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF INFECTION CONTROL A

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Câu 1 (Tự luận): LESSON 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF INFECTION CONTROL AND HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS (ĐẠI CƯƠNG VỀ KIỂM SOÁT NHIỄM KHUẨN VÀ NHIỄM KHUẨN BỆNH VIỆN)

Câu 2 (Trắc nghiệm): How many elements are there in the chain of infection transmission?

A. 7 elements

B. 5 elements

C. 4 elements

D. 6 elements

Câu 3 (Trắc nghiệm): Which of the following is NOT part of the chain of infection transmission?

A. Infectious agent

B. Portal of entry

C. Antibiotics

D. Susceptible host

Câu 4 (Trắc nghiệm): CLABSI is associated with:

A. Lungs

B. Urinary tract

C. Central venous catheter

D. Skin

Câu 5 (Trắc nghiệm): Surgical site infection is called:

A. VAP

B. SSI

C. CAUTI

D. CLABSI

Câu 6 (Trắc nghiệm): Which of the following is considered the “gold standard” and most important measure in preventing cross-infection?

A. Wearing an N95 mask

B. Hand hygiene

C. Wearing medical gloves

D. Using prophylactic antibiotics

Câu 7 (Trắc nghiệm): In the “5 Moments for Hand Hygiene,” which moment directly protects the patient from microorganisms on healthcare workers’ hands before care?

A. After touching the patient surroundings

B. After exposure to body fluids

C. After touching the patient

D. Before touching the patient

Câu 8 (Trắc nghiệm): Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is most closely related to which procedure?

A. Endotracheal intubation

B. Central venous catheter insertion

C. Laparoscopic surgery

D. Urinary catheter insertion

Câu 9 (Trắc nghiệm): The main routes of transmission do NOT include:

A. Contact

B. Droplet

C. Airborne

D. Digestive

Câu 10 (Trắc nghiệm): Which route of transmission involves small particles suspended in the air that can travel long distances?

A. Digestive route

B. Airborne transmission

C. Droplet transmission

D. Contact transmission

Câu 11 (Trắc nghiệm): Which nursing role ensures that infection prevention and control (IPC) supplies are always available at the point of care?

A. Resource coordination

B. Monitoring and supervision

C. Patient education

D. Scientific research

Câu 12 (Trắc nghiệm): Which document provides detailed regulations on healthcare waste management, including classification and collection?

A. APSIC guidelines

B. Circular No. 20/2021/TT-BYT

C. Circular No. 16/2018/TT-BYT

D. Decision No. 3671/QĐ-BYT

Câu 13 (Trắc nghiệm): In the chain of infection, who is considered a “susceptible host”?

A. A person with strong immunity

B. The surrounding air environment

C. A patient with weakened immunity or underlying diseases

D. Reusable medical equipment

Câu 14 (Trắc nghiệm): Which factor contributes to the development of multidrug-resistant bacteria?

A. Good hand hygiene

B. Overuse of antibiotics

C. Reducing the number of patients

D. Not using medications

Câu 15 (Trắc nghiệm): What serious consequence can result from the overuse of antibiotics in hospitals?

A. Faster elimination of bacteria

B. Strengthening the natural immune system

C. Increase in multidrug-resistant bacteria

D. Reduced treatment costs for patients

Câu 16 (Trắc nghiệm): The task of “developing standard operating procedures (SOPs)” belongs to which nursing role?

A. Direct clinical practice role

B. Education role

C. Scientific research role

D. Management and policy development role

Câu 17 (Trắc nghiệm): Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) usually occur due to:

A. Prolonged immobility of the patient

B. Bacteria entering through the central venous catheter

C. Overuse of injectable medications

D. Poor hygiene in eating and drinking

Câu 18 (Trắc nghiệm): The guidelines of the Asia Pacific Society of Infection Control (APSIC) provide updated knowledge on which topic?

A. Disinfection and sterilization of medical instruments

B. Administrative procedures for hospital admission

C. Cancer treatment protocols

D. Open-heart surgery techniques

Câu 19 (Trắc nghiệm): According to WHO, ensuring adequate staffing and avoiding patient overcrowding belongs to which core component of infection prevention and control (IPC)?

A. Guidelines and protocols

B. Environment, supplies, and staffing

C. Continuous training

D. Multimodal improvement strategy

Câu 20 (Trắc nghiệm): Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) increase mortality and prolong hospital stay, leading to what economic impact?

A. Significantly increase treatment costs

B. Reduce the financial burden on society

C. Have no significant impact on family finances

D. Help hospitals generate more revenue from hospital beds

Câu 21 (Trắc nghiệm): A nurse detects signs of swelling and purulent discharge at a patient’s surgical site and reports promptly to the doctor. This is an example of which role?

A. Resource coordination

B. Early detection of infection signs

C. Standard precautions

D. Policy development

Câu 22 (Trắc nghiệm): In the MMIS strategy, providing hand sanitizer at the patient’s bedside belongs to which component?

A. Safety culture

B. Education and training

C. System change

D. Reminders

Câu 23 (Trắc nghiệm): According to Circular No. 16/2018/TT-BYT, who holds the highest responsibility for infection prevention and control (IPC) in a hospital?

A. Hospital director

B. Head of the Infection Control Department

C. Minister of Health

D. Chief nurse

Câu 24 (Trắc nghiệm): Circular No. 16/2018/TT-BYT is related to:

A. Treatment

B. Organization of infection prevention and control (IPC)

C. Nutrition

D. Medications

Câu 25 (Trắc nghiệm): Circular No. 20/2021/TT-BYT is related to which content?

A. Surveillance of healthcare-associated infections

B. Safe injection guidelines

C. Healthcare waste management

D. Training of healthcare workers

Câu 26 (Trắc nghiệm): Which content is NOT included in Decision No. 3671/QĐ-BYT (2012)?

A. Disinfection and sterilization

B. Prevention of surgical site infections

C. Healthcare waste management

D. Safe injection practices

Câu 27 (Trắc nghiệm): Decision No. 3916/QĐ-BYT (2017) is mainly related to:

A. Organization of IPC systems

B. Surveillance of healthcare-associated infections

C. Environmental management in hospitals

D. Healthcare waste management

Câu 28 (Trắc nghiệm): The task of “providing feedback on compliance results” belongs to which component of the MMIS strategy?

A. Monitoring and feedback

B. System change

C. Reminders in the workplace

D. Training and education

Câu 29 (Trắc nghiệm): A nurse instructing a patient’s family members to perform hand hygiene before caring for their relative is an example of which role?

A. Patient and family education

B. Outbreak management

C. Monitoring compliance

D. Policy development

Câu 30 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the main difference between droplet transmission and airborne transmission?

A. Droplet transmission occurs only through direct hand contact

B. Airborne transmission does not require masks

C. Droplets are larger in size and usually do not travel beyond 1–2 meters

D. Droplet transmission occurs through food

Câu 31 (Trắc nghiệm): Why does compliance with infection prevention and control (IPC) help protect the community?

A. Because it reduces the number of hospital visitors

B. Because it helps hospitals use fewer antibiotics

C. Because it prevents multidrug-resistant pathogens from spreading outside the hospital

D. Because it makes the surrounding air cleaner

Câu 32 (Trắc nghiệm): To whom are standard precautions applied in healthcare settings?

A. Only patients undergoing invasive procedures.

B. All patients, regardless of diagnosis.

C. Only patients who have been diagnosed with infectious diseases.

D. Only patients showing symptoms such as cough, fever, or bleeding.

Câu 33 (Trắc nghiệm): According to standard precautions, which of the following body fluids is NOT considered a potential source of infection?

A. Cerebrospinal fluid

B. Blood

C. Urine

D. Sweat

Câu 34 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the general principle when using personal protective equipment (PPE)?

A. It depends on the purpose of use and the risk of exposure to blood and body fluids.

B. Always wear full PPE for every patient.

C. Prioritize using clean PPE instead of sterile PPE in all procedures

D. Only use PPE when the patient requests it.

Câu 35 (Trắc nghiệm): Where should the sequence of removing personal protective equipment (PPE) begin?

A. Remove cap and shoe covers first

B. Remove the mask first for easier breathing

C. Remove the most contaminated item first (e.g., gloves)

D. Remove the gown first, then the gloves

Câu 36 (Trắc nghiệm): In which of the following situations is it NOT mandatory to wear gloves?

A. When a healthcare worker has cuts or abrasions on their hands

B. When performing endotracheal suctioning

C. When measuring blood pressure on a patient with intact skin

D. When handling blood-contaminated linen

Câu 37 (Trắc nghiệm): When using a medical mask, which side should face outward?

A. The absorbent side (usually white)

B. The side with the metal strip positioned under the chin

C. The fluid-resistant side (usually colored)

D. Either side, as both sides are the same

Câu 38 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the purpose of using protective goggles or a face shield?

A. To prevent patients from seeing the healthcare worker’s face

B. To prevent blood and body fluids from splashing into the eye mucosa

C. To replace wearing a mask during procedures

D. To support vision for healthcare workers during surgery

Câu 39 (Trắc nghiệm): Which color bag is designated for contaminated linen (with blood and body fluids)?

A. Black

B. White

C. Blue

D. Yellow

Câu 40 (Trắc nghiệm): When cleaning an environment contaminated with blood, what concentration of chlorine solution is recommended for surface disinfection?

A. 0.5%

B. 5%

C. 0.05%

D. 10%

Câu 41 (Trắc nghiệm): Which route of transmission involves droplets smaller than 5 µm?

A. Airborne transmission

B. Droplet transmission

C. Fecal–oral transmission

D. Direct contact transmission

Câu 42 (Trắc nghiệm): Which of the following diseases is primarily transmitted via the airborne route?

A. Meningococcal meningitis

B. Seasonal influenza

C. Scabies

D. Pulmonary tuberculosis

Câu 43 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the characteristic of indirect contact transmission?

A. Transmission via droplets directly contacting the eye mucosa

B. Transmission by inhaling pathogens suspended in the air

C. Transmission through direct skin-to-skin contact between patient and healthcare worker

D. Transmission via contaminated intermediate objects such as door handles or medical equipment

Câu 44 (Trắc nghiệm): Why is dry sweeping not allowed in clinical areas of hospitals?

A. To keep the floor shiny and moist

B. Because no broom is clean enough for hospital use

C. To prevent the spread of microorganisms and dust into the air

D. Because dry sweeping requires more effort than wet cleaning

Câu 45 (Trắc nghiệm): When handling waste, a waste container should not be filled beyond what level?

A. 3/4 of the container

B. 1/4 of the container

C. 100% of the container

D. 1/2 of the container

Câu 46 (Trắc nghiệm): Which principle is correct when performing environmental surface cleaning?

A. Clean from the floor up to the ceiling

B. Clean from clean areas to dirty areas (low-risk to high-risk)

C. Prioritize cleaning the dirtiest areas first to eliminate pathogens

D. Clean from the corridor into the patient room

Câu 47 (Trắc nghiệm): Which personal protective equipment (PPE) is most essential when performing procedures with a risk of blood splashing to the face?

A. Mask and goggles/face shield

B. Only sterile gloves

C. Surgical cap and shoe covers

D. Fluid-resistant gown

Câu 48 (Trắc nghiệm): Why should long fingernails be avoided when working in healthcare settings?

A. Because long nails can tear medical gloves

B. Because long nails make it difficult to measure blood pressure

C. Because long nails harbor many microorganisms and are difficult to clean

D. Because healthcare aesthetic regulations do not allow them

Câu 49 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the role of healthcare facility leadership in implementing standard precautions?

A. Directly perform all care procedures instead of nurses

B. Commit to providing adequate human and material resources

C. Provide PPE only during major outbreaks

D. Only issue regulations without monitoring compliance

Câu 50 (Trắc nghiệm): Which of the following best describes the nature of standard precautions?

A. They are the first line of defense and the foundation of infection control

B. They are a temporary measure when vaccines are not available

C. They are advanced measures only implemented in large hospitals

D. They are applied only in special isolation areas

Câu 51 (Trắc nghiệm): When moving from a contaminated site to a clean site on the same patient, what should a healthcare worker do?

A. Apply alcohol directly to the gloves being worn

B. Only change gloves without hand hygiene

C. Continue the procedure since it is the same patient

D. Perform hand hygiene

Câu 52 (Trắc nghiệm): When should a medical mask be replaced?

A. After 8 continuous working hours

B. Only when in direct contact with a tuberculosis patient

C. When feeling warm inside the mask

D. When the mask becomes damp, soiled, torn, or after a period of use according to guidelines

Câu 53 (Trắc nghiệm): Can the use of gloves in healthcare replace hand hygiene?

A. No, it cannot be replaced

B. It can be replaced if wearing double gloves

C. It can be replaced during quick procedures under 1 minute

D. It can be replaced if sterile gloves are used

Câu 54 (Trắc nghiệm): Can the use of gloves in healthcare replace hand hygiene?

A. No, it cannot be replaced

B. It can be replaced if wearing double gloves

C. It can be replaced during quick procedures under 1 minute

D. It can be replaced if sterile gloves are used

Câu 55 (Trắc nghiệm): Where should healthcare facilities place alcohol-based hand rub to be most effective?

A. Only in the administrative office of the department

B. Stored in the medication cabinet to prevent loss

C. At the entrance to patient rooms and on treatment carts

D. In shared patient bathrooms

Câu 56 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the purpose of performing hand hygiene immediately after removing gloves?

A. To remove microorganisms that may have contaminated the hands during glove removal

B. To clean chemicals from gloves that may have come into contact with the skin

C. To prevent the hands from having a rubber odor

D. To moisturize the skin after being enclosed in gloves

Câu 57 (Trắc nghiệm): What characteristics should a sharps waste container have?

A. Made of transparent glass for easy visibility

B. Very large size for long-term use

C. Made of thick yellow plastic bags

D. Rigid, puncture-resistant, and equipped with a lid

Câu 58 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the importance of hepatitis B vaccination for healthcare workers?

A. To reduce the risk of infection following occupational exposure incidents

B. To eliminate the need for standard precautions

C. It is a requirement for salary increase

D. To allow safe reuse of needles

Câu 59 (Trắc nghiệm): Why should patients who cannot control their secretions be placed in a private room?

A. To reduce the need for healthcare workers to wear PPE when visiting

B. To facilitate higher room charges

C. Because these patients prefer a completely quiet environment

D. To limit the spread of pathogens to the surrounding environment

Câu 60 (Trắc nghiệm): Which of the following actions does NOT comply with safe injection principles?

A. Dispose of the needle into a sharps container immediately at the point of use

B. Use a separate syringe and needle for each patient

C. Recap the needle using two hands after injection

D. Perform hand hygiene before administering the injection

Câu 61 (Trắc nghiệm): When performing hand hygiene with soap and water, which of the following steps is necessary to complete the procedure?

A. Wipe hands on work clothes for quick drying

B. Dry hands with a clean single-use towel

C. Use freshly washed hands to turn off the tap directly

D. Shake hands vigorously to air-dry

Câu 62 (Trắc nghiệm): How is the sterilization process defined?

A. It is only a minor step in the cleaning process to assist in killing Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

B. It is the process of completely destroying all forms of living microorganisms, including spores

C. It is the process of removing most pathogenic microorganisms but does not destroy spores.

D. It is the use of mechanical methods to clean organic matter adhering to instruments.

Câu 63 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the most important significance of sterilization in healthcare?

A. To save time for healthcare personnel because instruments do not need to be cleaned.

B. To ensure instruments are sterile when introduced into tissues, the vascular system, or sterile cavities.

C. To replace the use of personal protective equipment (PPE).

D. To make instruments look newer and shinier after each use.

Câu 64 (Trắc nghiệm): From an infection control perspective, what is the biggest difference between disinfection and sterilization?

A. Disinfection does not completely destroy bacterial spores, whereas sterilization does.

B. Sterilization is only applied to environmental surfaces like floors.

C. Disinfection always uses heat, while sterilization only uses chemicals.

D. Disinfection is a mandatory process that must be performed after sterilization.

Câu 65 (Trắc nghiệm): Which type of microorganism can intermediate-level disinfection destroy that low-level disinfection cannot?

A. Bacterial spores.

B. Common fungi.

C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tubercle bacilli).

D. HIV virus.

Câu 66 (Trắc nghiệm): How many main levels is disinfection divided into?

A. 2 levels (Disinfection and Sterilization).

B. 5 levels according to the Spaulding classification table.

C. 3 levels (Low, Intermediate, High).

D. 4 levels (Cleaning, Low, Intermediate, High).

Câu 67 (Trắc nghiệm): Which of the following instruments belongs to the semi-critical category?

A. Bed rails

B. Bedpan

C. Injection needles

D. Flexible gastrointestinal endoscope

Câu 68 (Trắc nghiệm): The non-critical category includes devices that come into contact with:

A. Intact skin of the patient

B. Direct body fluids

C. Oral mucous membranes

D. Sterile cavities

Câu 69 (Trắc nghiệm): How should non-critical items such as electrocardiogram (ECG) machines be processed?

A. Soaking in chemical sterilant for 10 hours

B. Only need wiping with clean water

C. Low or intermediate-level disinfection

D. Mandatory sterilization

Câu 70 (Trắc nghiệm): When there is a discrepancy in processing levels between the manufacturer's recommendations and the Spaulding system, which approach should healthcare personnel choose?

A. Apply the higher level of processing to ensure safety

B. Always follow the manufacturer

C. Apply the lower level to protect the instrument

D. Ignore both and decide on their own

Câu 71 (Trắc nghiệm): Why is the cleaning step considered a prerequisite before disinfection or sterilization?

A. Because the manufacturer requires it

B. To make the instrument look newer and shinier

C. Because organic matter (blood, secretions) will form a protective layer for microorganisms

D. To reduce the subsequent sterilization time

Câu 72 (Trắc nghiệm): To monitor sterilization quality comprehensively, how many types of indicators should be combined?

A. 2 types (mechanical and chemical indicators)

B. 1 type (chemical indicator)

C. 3 types (mechanical, chemical, and biological indicators)

D. 4 types (temperature, time, chemical, and biological)

Câu 73 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the purpose of using chemical indicators applied to the outside of packages?

A. To quickly distinguish between processed and unprocessed packages

B. To prove the instruments inside are absolutely sterile

C. To check if the sterilizer has air leaks

D. To replace daily biological testing

Câu 74 (Trắc nghiệm): Which Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is mandatory when healthcare personnel clean contaminated instruments?

A. Wearing a clean blouse/scrub is sufficient

B. Only wearing a medical mask

C. Wearing gloves and regular slippers

D. Full set: water-resistant gown, gloves, mask, and safety goggles

Câu 75 (Trắc nghiệm): Healthcare personnel involved in instrument processing must be vaccinated against which diseases at a minimum?

A. Influenza and Chickenpox

B. Tetanus and Rabies

C. Tuberculosis and Hepatitis B

D. Measles and Mumps

Câu 76 (Trắc nghiệm): According to storage principles, how should instruments be stored after sterilization?

A. Left in any empty space in the storage room

B. Under standard conditions, ensuring sterility until use

C. Stacked as many packages as possible to save space

D. On shelves close to the floor for easy access

Câu 77 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the most important principle after instruments have undergone high-level chemical disinfection?

A. Leave the instruments to air-dry in a natural environmen

B. Rinse thoroughly with tap water to save costs

C. Rinse with sterile water and dry with a sterile towel

D. Store immediately in a sealed container while the instruments are still wet

Câu 78 (Trắc nghiệm): Which group of instruments is the Pasteurization method (using hot water for 30 minutes) best applied to?

A. Respiratory therapy and anesthesia equipment

B. Floors and environmental surfaces

C. Single-use injection needles

D. Bone and joint surgical instruments

Câu 79 (Trắc nghiệm): Which of the following chemicals is commonly used for intermediate-level disinfection of surfaces or instruments such as stethoscopes and thermometers?

A. Alcohol (Ethyl or Isopropyl 60 – 90%)

B. 2% Glutaraldehyde solution

C. Physiological saline

D. Quaternary Ammonium compounds

Câu 80 (Trắc nghiệm): If a healthcare facility does not have a low-temperature sterilizer, which method can be used to sterilize heat-sensitive instruments?

A. Exposing the instruments to sunlight

B. Completely immersing the instruments in 2% Glutaraldehyde for 10 hours

C. Steam sterilization at a lower temperature (100°C)

D. Drying the instruments in a microwave oven

Câu 81 (Trắc nghiệm): Why is the dry heat sterilization (hot air oven) method currently no longer widely recommended in hospitals?

A. Because it pollutes the hospital's water supply

B. Because this method cannot destroy spores

C. Because the investment cost for a dry heat sterilizer is too expensive

D. Prolonged time and excessively high temperatures easily damage instruments

Câu 82 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the most correct placement for an internal chemical indicator (Internal Chemical Indicator) inside an instrument package?

A. Placed on the top surface of the instrument tray

B. Placed in the least accessible area for the sterilant

C. Placed right next to the seal of the plastic pouch

D. Always placed exactly in the center of the package

Câu 83 (Trắc nghiệm): Why is biological monitoring considered the most reliable monitoring method?

A. Because it is cheaper and easier to use than other types of indicators

B. Because it provides immediate color change results

C. It has the capability to check the cleanliness of instruments

D. It uses highly resistant live bacterial spores to challenge the cycle

Câu 84 (Trắc nghiệm): Which bacterial spore is used in biological testing to check the effectiveness of steam sterilizers?

A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

B. Bacillus atrophaeus

C. Staphylococcus aureus

D. Geobacillus stearothermophilus

Câu 85 (Trắc nghiệm): For implantable devices (such as bone screws), which of the following regulations is mandatory?

A. It is mandatory to place a biological indicator in every load and wait for a negative result before use

B. Only requires visual inspection and a Type 1 chemical indicator

C. Can be used immediately after sterilization to save time

D. No cleaning required before sterilization

Câu 86 (Trắc nghiệm): If the internal chemical indicator of a package fails (does not change to the standard color), what should healthcare personnel do?

A. Continue to use normally if the external indicator passes

B. Note it in the records and allow use for minor surgeries

C. Just replace it with a new indicator card and reseal the package

D. Consider the sterilization load a failure, recall, and re-sterilize everything

Câu 87 (Trắc nghiệm): What does the 'First In - First Out' (FIFO) principle in sterile instrument management mean?

A. Instruments sterilized earlier must be prioritized for use first.

B. Newly sterilized instruments must be taken for immediate use.

C. The person who enters the storage room first gets to take instruments out first

D. Large-sized instruments must be taken out first.

Câu 88 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the typical shelf life of instruments packaged in heat-sealed plastic pouches (under standard storage conditions)?

A. 10 days.

B. Indefinite.

C. 3 months

D. 6 months.

Câu 89 (Trắc nghiệm): If a sterile instrument package is found to be wet on the surface of the packaging, what should the nurse do?

A. Use a hairdryer to dry it and then continue to use it.

B. Wipe the outside clean and leave it on the shelf to air-dry naturally.

C. Consider it contaminated and send it to be cleaned and re-sterilized.

D. Only use it for intact skin areas, not for wounds.

Câu 90 (Trắc nghiệm): What state must the air pressure in the sterile storage area be maintained at?

A. Positive pressure.

B. No need to control air pressure.

C. Pressure changes according to the outside temperature

D. Negative pressure.

Câu 91 (Trắc nghiệm): Why must shelves holding sterile instruments be placed at least 45cm from the ceiling?

A. To prevent instruments from getting hot due to the ceiling temperature.

B. To create space for personnel to easily climb up for inventory.

C. To prevent insects from dropping from the ceiling onto the instruments.

D. To ensure the effectiveness of the fire sprinkler system.

Câu 92 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the core purpose of environmental hygiene in healthcare facilities?

A. To break the chain of pathogen transmission.

B. To satisfy patients' family members.

C. To save costs on purchasing new equipment.

D. To create a clean aesthetic for the hospital.

Câu 93 (Trắc nghiệm): The hospital environment is considered a complex system comprising which of the following elements?

A. Only bacteria and viruses.

B. People, equipment, infrastructure, water sources, and air.

C. Laboratory and surgical machinery systems.

D. Only hospital floors and walls.

Câu 94 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the process of completely removing visible soils using mechanical action and chemicals called?

A. Ventilation.

B. Disinfection.

C. Cleaning.

D. Sterilization.

Câu 95 (Trắc nghiệm): What is disinfection capable of removing from surfaces?

A. All bacteria and bacterial spores.

B. Most pathogenic microorganisms, excluding spores.

C. Only bloodborne viruses.

D. Only organic soils adhering to surfaces.

Câu 96 (Trắc nghiệm): In water environmental hygiene management, which type of water requires special control?

A. Specialized water such as dialysis water or surgical handwashing water.

B. Toilet flushing water.

C. Water used for watering plants in the hospital.

D. Bottled drinking water.

Câu 97 (Trắc nghiệm): According to risk level, what are public corridors and meeting rooms classified as?

A. Low risk.

B. Moderate risk.

C. High risk.

D. Extremely high risk.

Câu 98 (Trắc nghiệm): Which of the following areas belongs to the VERY HIGH-RISK group in the hospital?

A. Patient waiting lobby.

B. Operating theaters, Intensive Care Unit (ICU).

C. Outpatient/Examination department.

D. Clean storage room.

Câu 99 (Trắc nghiệm): In the color-coding system, what color is typically designated for safe, low-risk areas?

A. Black.

B. Red.

C. Blue / Green.

D. Yellow.

Câu 100 (Trắc nghiệm): According to the color-coding system for cleaning equipment, which areas are designated with the color red?

A. Bathrooms, toilets, and bathroom floors.

B. Sterile equipment preparation rooms.

C. Kitchen/food areas.

D. Staff break rooms.

Câu 101 (Trắc nghiệm): What areas is GREEN color-coded cleaning equipment specifically used for?

A. Special isolation areas.

B. Nutrition departments and food preparation areas.

C. Surgical areas.

D. Administrative offices.

Câu 102 (Trắc nghiệm): According to the principles of doffing PPE, which item must be removed first?

A. Mask.

B. Cap/Hair cover.

C. Gown.

D. Gloves.

Câu 103 (Trắc nghiệm): Can using an alcohol-based hand rub after removing gloves replace handwashing with soap?

A. Yes, because alcohol kills bacteria faster.

B. Absolutely not, hand hygiene is mandatory after removing PPE.

C. Only when hands are not visibly soiled.

D. Hand sanitization is only needed once before donning PPE.

Câu 104 (Trắc nghiệm): When using a medical mask, which of the following actions is INCORRECT?

A. Grasping the ear loops/ties when removing it.

B. Putting it in a pocket to take out and reuse when needed.

C. Adjusting the metal strip to fit snugly over the bridge of the nose.

D. Pulling the folds down to cover the chin.

Câu 105 (Trắc nghiệm): In the sequence for donning personal protective equipment (PPE), which step is performed first?

A. Don gloves.

B. Don a gown.

C. Don a cap/hair cover.

D. Perform hand hygiene.

Câu 106 (Trắc nghiệm): Which of the following is the correct sequence for doffing PPE according to the Ministry of Health's regulations?

A. Mask 🡪 Gloves 🡪 Gown.

B. Gown 🡪 Mask 🡪 Gloves.

C. Remove everything at once and roll it up.

D. Gloves 🡪 Gown 🡪 Protective eyewear (Goggles) 🡪 Mask.

Câu 107 (Trắc nghiệm): When should "caution wet floor" or "cleaning in progress" signs be placed?

A. After cleaning is finished and the floor is dry.

B. Only in corridors, not in patient rooms.

C. Before starting the cleaning procedure.

D. Only when hospital leaders are inspecting.

Câu 108 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the correct regulated floor mopping technique?

A. Mop in a zigzag or figure-8 pattern.

B. Pour a bucket of water on the floor and sweep it away with a broom.

C. Mop backwards from the door into the corner of the room.

D. Mop in circles from the center of the room outwards.

Câu 109 (Trắc nghiệm): Why is it necessary to change to a new wiping cloth or mop head when moving to another patient room?

A. Because the old cloth has dried out.

B. According to the preference of the patient in the next room.

C. To prevent the risk of cross-contamination between patient rooms.

D. To increase revenue for the cleaning company.

Câu 110 (Trắc nghiệm): In the cleaning procedure for isolation rooms (such as SARS, H5N1 influenza), what solution is used for the first mopping step?

A. Soapy water.

B. Clean water.

C. Disinfectant solution.

D. 70% alcohol.

Câu 111 (Trắc nghiệm): Which of the following activities belongs to "Air environmental hygiene management"?

A. Collecting sharps waste.

B. Scrubbing and cleaning covered water storage tanks.

C. Laundering linen according to infectious protocols.

D. Ensuring patient rooms are well-ventilated and controlling operating room pressure.

Câu 112 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the purpose of the principle "Collect waste neatly before cleaning surfaces"?

A. To save floor cleaning chemicals.

B. To prevent the cleaning process from spreading dirt and waste to other areas.

C. To prevent cleaning staff from tripping.

D. To make the floor look more spacious.

Câu 113 (Trắc nghiệm): In high-risk infection areas, which type of mop is prioritized for use?

A. Mops borrowed from administrative departments.

B. Single-use (disposable) mops or those with a separate/dedicated washing machine.

C. Very large-sized mops.

D. Handmade wool mops.

Câu 114 (Trắc nghiệm): When should cleaning tasks in clinical departments be performed?

A. Only during the night shift.

B. Immediately after doctors finish their working hours.

C. Early, approximately 30 minutes before medical examination and treatment hours.

D. Whenever the cleaning staff is free.

Câu 115 (Trắc nghiệm): How often should frequently touched surfaces (such as bed rails, bedside cabinets) be cleaned?

A. Only when requested by the patient

C. 4 times a day, like bathrooms/toilets.

D. At least once a day.

Câu 116 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the purpose of the color-coding system for cleaning equipment?

A. According to the mandatory regulations of plastic manufacturing companies.

B. To ensure tools are not shared across different areas, reducing the risk of cross-contamination.

C. To easily inventory the quantity of tools in the warehouse.

D. To make the hospital look more lively and visually appealing.

Câu 117 (Trắc nghiệm): In the color-coding system for cleaning equipment, which area is the color yellow specifically designated for?

A. Sterile operating rooms.

B. Public restrooms.

C. Isolation areas, infectious disease wards

D. Patient waiting lobbies.

Câu 118 (Trắc nghiệm): In the principles of donning PPE, why is it necessary to pull the glove cuffs over the outside of the gown's sleeves?

A. To prevent the gloves from slipping off during work.

B. Because it looks more professional.

C. To prevent chemicals from seeping inside the gloves.

D. To completely cover the skin of the wrist, avoiding contact with contaminants.

Câu 119 (Trắc nghiệm): In the furniture cleaning procedure (beds, cabinets), if it is an isolation room, what should be used to wipe off the dust?

A. A damp cloth containing disinfectant solution.

B. A feather duster.

C. Regular dry paper.

D. A cloth soaked in furniture polish.

Câu 120 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the purpose of placing absorbent paper/paper towels over a blood spill?

A. To decorate the soiled area.

B. To cover the blood to make it less scary.

C. To make the blood dry faster.

D. To confine and absorb the liquid, preventing widespread infection.

Câu 121 (Trắc nghiệm): Why must hand hygiene be performed immediately after removing gloves following a spill clean-up?

A. Because disinfectants are very toxic to the skin on the hands.

B. Because gloves may have invisible microscopic holes (pin-holes).

C. Because hands will sweat inside the gloves.

D. Because it is a habit of healthcare workers.

Câu 122 (Trắc nghiệm): If counting and classification are mandatory, where should this be performed?

A. In the hallway of the clinical department.

B. In the patient's room to avoid confusing patients' linen.

C. At the laundry by dedicated staff with full protective equipment.

D. In the clean linen storage room

Câu 123 (Trắc nghiệm): During linen collection, which action should be minimized to avoid the spread of pathogens?

A. Placing linen in plastic bags.

B. Shaking, touching, or agitating the linen.

C. Labeling the linen bags.

D. Folding the linen neatly.

Câu 124 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the correct technique for rolling and folding linen contaminated with blood or body fluids?

A. Roll it so that the contaminated blood/fluid is in the middle of the linen bundle.

B. Crumple the linen to save bag space.

C. Lay the linen flat before putting it in the bag.

D. Leave the blood-contaminated part on the outside for easy identification.

Câu 125 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the regulation on storing soiled linen in clinical departments?

A. Absolutely do not leave soiled linen on the floor or on adjacent beds.

B. It can be stored in the patient's room for up to 24 hours.

C. It can be temporarily left on tables or chairs waiting for collection staff.

D. It is allowed to leave soiled linen on the floor if the floor has been cleaned.

Câu 126 (Trắc nghiệm): Within what timeframe must collected soiled linen be transferred to the laundry?

A. Within 48 hours.

B. Within the same day.

C. Only when the transport cart is full.

D. At the end of each workweek.

Câu 127 (Trắc nghiệm): Which of the following personal protective equipment (PPE) must linen collection staff wear?

A. Sanitary gloves, aprons, and masks.

B. Level 4 specialized epidemic protective suit.

C. Only a medical mask is required

D. No protection is needed if the linen is tightly bagged.

Câu 128 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the principle of designing the workflow/layout in a healthcare laundry?

A. Centralized design in one large room.

B. Two-way design for easy movement.

C. One-way design from the dirty area to the clean area.

D. Clean area in the middle, surrounded by the dirty area.

Câu 129 (Trắc nghiệm): How can complete separation between the dirty/wet area and the clean/dry area be ensured?

A. Using barrier washing machines or solid partitions.

B. Requiring staff to walk carefully.

C. Just painting lines on the floor.

D. Using fabric curtains for separation.

Câu 130 (Trắc nghiệm): How must pushcarts used for transporting soiled linen be processed?

A. No processing is needed because the linen is already in bags.

B. Just sweep away the dust after each shift.

C. Disinfected periodically once a month.

D. Must be washed and disinfected after each transport.

Câu 131 (Trắc nghiệm): Is it allowed to mix clean and soiled linen on the same pushcart?

A. Yes, if the pushcart was previously disinfected.

B. Yes, if there is a thin partition in the middle.

C. Yes, if the soiled linen is tightly bagged.

D. Absolutely do not mix clean and soiled linen on the same cart during transportation.

Câu 132 (Trắc nghiệm): How should linen be stored after being washed, dried, and ironed before transportation?

A. Leave it uncovered on the pushcart to save plastic bag costs.

B. Dry it under the sun for another day.

C. Covered or tightly packaged in clean bags.

D. Spray additional perfume for fragrance.

Câu 133 (Trắc nghiệm): Which of the following conditions must the clean linen storage room ensure?

A. Separate, dry, and well-ventilated.

B. Located right next to the soiled linen receiving area for convenience.

C. Wet/moist so the fabric does not become dry and stiff.

D. Can be shared with the laundry chemical storage room.

Câu 134 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the principle for storing clean linen in the storage room?

A. Place it directly on the floor for easy access.

B. Mix different types of linen together to grab whatever is needed.

C. Stack it high up to the ceiling to maximize space.

D. Placed on racks, shelves, or in clean cabinets.

Câu 135 (Trắc nghiệm): When is clean linen distributed to clinical departments?

A. At a single fixed time frame per week.

B. Whenever the laundry staff feels free.

C. When requested by clinical departments.

D. When the soiled linen storage room is full.

Câu 136 (Trắc nghiệm): Which of the following actions is WRONG when handling linen in clinical departments?

A. Roll the soiled part inward during collection.

B. Use waterproof bags for linen contaminated with body fluids.

C. Package linen immediately at the point of use.

D. Count and sort linen right in the patient's room.

Câu 137 (Trắc nghiệm): By definition, what types does healthcare waste include?

A. Only includes needles and blood-stained bandages.

B. Hazardous healthcare waste, ordinary solid waste, emissions, liquid waste, and healthcare wastewater.

C. Only includes waste containing pathogenic bacteria.

D. Domestic waste of patients and patients' family members.

Câu 138 (Trắc nghiệm): Which type of waste is considered the most hazardous in hospital waste?

A. Plastic bottles for drinking water.

B. Domestic waste from the cafeteria.

C. Administrative paperwork usually classified as recyclable ordinary waste.

D. Infectious waste.

Câu 139 (Trắc nghiệm): Most documented cases of disease transmission from hospital waste are caused by what reason?

A. Direct contact with green garbage bags.

B. Reusing disinfected recycled items.

C. Inhaling air in the storage room.

D. Injuries caused by infected sharps.

Câu 140 (Trắc nghiệm): Which legal document is currently the most direct basis regulating healthcare waste management within the premises of healthcare facilities?

A. Circular No. 20/2021/TT-BYT.

B. Decree No. 75/2017/ND-CP.

C. Law on Environmental Protection No. 72/2020/QH14.

D. The Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

Câu 141 (Trắc nghiệm): When must healthcare waste classification be performed?

A. At the end of each work shift.

B. When the waste is transported to the storage room.

C. When the processing unit comes to collect the waste.

D. Right at the point of generation and at the time of generation.

Câu 142 (Trắc nghiệm): If infectious waste is mixed with other waste, how must the mixture be treated?

A. Separate it to recover the regular waste.

B. Discard it into the general drainage system.

C. Collect and treat it as infectious waste.

D. Treat it as domestic waste to save costs.

Câu 143 (Trắc nghiệm): What type of waste are YELLOW bags or bins used to contain?

A. Hazardous chemical waste.

B. Domestic waste.

C. Infectious waste.

D. Recyclable waste.

Câu 144 (Trắc nghiệm): What color bag/bin is used for discarded chemicals, pharmaceuticals, or broken medical equipment containing mercury?

A. Green.

B. White.

C. Yellow.

D. Black.

Câu 145 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the minimum frequency for collecting infectious waste from the point of generation to the centralized storage area?

A. Once a month for all facilities.

B. At least once a day.

C. Only collect when the trash bin is full.

D. Once a week.

Câu 146 (Trắc nghiệm): What must be done when medical equipment containing mercury breaks?

A. Use a vacuum cleaner to vacuum it up.

B. Sweep it up and dump it into a yellow bag.

C. Collect it in a plastic or waterproof box, and tightly seal the lid.

D. Pour water on it so the mercury dissolves.

Câu 147 (Trắc nghiệm): What infrastructure conditions must the temporary healthcare waste storage area have?

A. Must have a roof, waterproof flooring, and be free from flooding.

B. No warning signs needed to avoid causing fear.

C. The floor must be made of soil to easily absorb bin-washing water.

D. Must be located right at the hospital's main entrance.

Câu 148 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the maximum storage time for infectious waste under normal conditions?

A. No more than 02 days.

B. Unlimited time.

C. No more than 24 hours.

D. Maximum of 10 days.

Câu 149 (Trắc nghiệm): If refrigerated below 8°C, what is the maximum storage time for infectious waste?

A. 03 days.

B. 15 days.

C. 07 days.

D. 01 month.

Câu 150 (Trắc nghiệm): Which document is used to completely record the quantity of hazardous waste upon each handover?

A. Hazardous Healthcare Waste Handover Log.

B. Monthly utility bill.

C. Patient's medical record book.

D. Nurse's shift logbook.

Câu 151 (Trắc nghiệm): What materials must the healthcare waste storage infrastructure system be equipped with to handle fluid leaks?

A. Velvet floor carpets.

B. Absorbent materials such as dry sand or sawdust.

C. Clean water to wash it away.

D. High-capacity fans.

Câu 152 (Trắc nghiệm): Who possesses the highest authority in officially declaring the conclusion of a disease outbreak?

A. Local media agencies

B. Outbreak Control Team

C. Recovered patients

D. Housekeeping personnel

Câu 153 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the most critical foundation of pandemic preparedness?

A. Relying solely on the personal experience of physicians

B. Utilizing the most expensive medications

C. Reducing the number of hospital admissions

D. Systematic risk assessment

Câu 154 (Trắc nghiệm): Which historical pandemic has provided important lessons learned for establishing current preparedness scenarios?

A. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1) (2003)

B. School myopia epidemic

C. Annual dengue fever outbreaks

D. Mass food poisoning incidents

Câu 155 (Trắc nghiệm): What does the concept of "surge capacity" in pandemic preparedness mean?

A. Admitting only mild cases

B. The capability to transfer patients to other hospitals

C. The capability to flexibly expand space and hospital beds

D. The capability to rapidly dismiss staff

Câu 156 (Trắc nghiệm): Why is a personnel contingency strategy necessary in a pandemic preparedness plan?

A. Because the hospital wants to recruit more interns

B. To replace those who wish to resign

C. To cope with the situation of staff becoming infected or exhausted

D. To reduce the salaries of full-time employees

Câu 157 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the minimum safe spatial separation between hospital beds in an isolation area?

A. 10 meters

B. 0.5 meters

C. 1 meter

D. 5 meters

Câu 158 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the standard sequence for DONNING Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)?

A. Goggles 🡪 Gloves 🡪 Gown 🡪 Mask

B. Gown 🡪 Mask 🡪 Goggles 🡪 Gloves

C. Mask 🡪 Goggles 🡪 Gown 🡪 Gloves

D. Gloves 🡪 Mask 🡪 Goggles 🡪 Gown

Câu 159 (Trắc nghiệm): Where should nurses perform the DOFFING of personal protective equipment (PPE)?

A. Take it home for laundering

B. At the nursing station outside the clinical ward

C. In the shared staff restroom

D. Right inside the isolation room before stepping out

Câu 160 (Trắc nghiệm): For which of the following bacteria are nurses STRICTLY required to wash their hands with soap and water instead of using an alcohol-based hand rub?

A. Staphylococcus aureus

B. Clostridium difficile

C. H1N1 influenza virus

D. SARS-CoV-2

Câu 161 (Trắc nghiệm): Why are alcohol-based hand rubs not recommended for cases of bacterial spore infections?

A. Because alcohol is too expensive for daily use

B. Because alcohol-based solutions are ineffective in killing spores

C. Because alcohol accelerates spore growth

D. Because alcohol damages nursing gloves

Câu 162 (Trắc nghiệm): During the transport of a patient with a respiratory infection out of an isolation room, what is the patient required to do?

A. Be completely wrapped in a plastic bag

B. Use a personal oxygen cylinder

C. Wear a surgical mask and practice respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette

D. Hold their breath during the entire transport process

Câu 163 (Trắc nghiệm): Which of the following groups should be STRICTLY RESTRICTED from visiting patients in an outbreak area?

A. Other medical specialists

B. Healthy young adults under 30 years old

C. Hospital food service personnel

D. Children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals

Câu 164 (Trắc nghiệm): What color bag is used to collect used linen (bed sheets, patient clothing) in an outbreak area?

A. Red bag

B. Blue bag

C. Transparent bag

D. White bag

Câu 165 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the purpose of the "swan-neck" method?

A. Arranging hospital beds in the clinical ward

B. Donning protective gowns

C. Collecting sputum clinical specimens

D. The procedure for sealing medical waste bags

Câu 166 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the available chlorine concentration used for ROUTINE surface disinfection of a patient room after an outbreak has ended?

A. 5000 ppm

B. 1000 ppm

C. 100 ppm

D. 50,000 ppm

Câu 167 (Trắc nghiệm): When developing an outbreak preparedness plan, which strategy is included in managing the risk of staff shortages?

A. Replacing all doctors with student interns

B. Reducing staff salaries during the outbreak

C. Implementing rotating shifts and protecting staff mental health

D. Requiring staff to work continuously without rest

Câu 168 (Trắc nghiệm): What is the ultimate goal of the multidisciplinary task force?

A. To increase healthcare service fees

B. To train staff for employment abroad

C. To construct additional healthcare buildings

D. To effectively control and ultimately eliminate the outbreak

Câu 169 (Trắc nghiệm): Which authority should the information and communication network in a pandemic preparedness plan maintain direct contact with?

A. The Supreme Court

B. Travel companies

C. The Ministry of Health or an equivalent competent authority

D. Souvenir shops

Câu 170 (Trắc nghiệm): Step 2 of the nursing intervention plan focuses on which of the following?

A. Administering medications to patients

B. Collecting blood specimens for testing

C. Cleaning the patient room

D. Information and communication

Câu 171 (Trắc nghiệm): Why should nurses immediately report suspected cases to the Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Team?

A. To activate the contact tracing system and enable timely outbreak control

B. To allow IPC staff to replace nurses in patient care

C. To earn additional personal rewards

D. Because hospital regulations require a phone call every hour

Câu 172 (Trắc nghiệm): In managing medical equipment within an isolation area, what is the highest priority?

A. Assigning dedicated equipment to individual patients or groups of patients

B. Using the oldest equipment in the isolation area

C. Sharing the same equipment among all patients to save resources

D. Keeping equipment outside the hallway to maintain cleanliness

Câu 173 (Trắc nghiệm): Which nursing action helps reduce the risk of close contact between patients sharing the same cohort isolation room?

A. Asking patients to turn their backs to each other

B. Drawing privacy curtains between patient beds

C. Using a high-power fan in the room

D. Turning off the lights so patients can sleep

Câu 174 (Trắc nghiệm): When should nurses perform hand hygiene in an isolation area?

A. Strictly follow the WHO Five Moments for Hand Hygiene

B. Wash hands once every morning

C. Only when instructed by a doctor

D. Only when hands are visibly dirty

Câu 175 (Trắc nghiệm): Which of the following is the safest sequence for doffing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)?

A. Mask>Gloves>Goggles>Gown

B. Goggles>Mask>Gown>Gloves

C. Gloves>Gown>Goggles/Eye Protection>Mask

D. Gown>Goggles>Mask>Gloves

Câu 176 (Trắc nghiệm): How is the flexibility of the Outbreak Control Team's organizational structure demonstrated?

A. Stopping work when the outbreak becomes too severe

B. Allowing staff to change their positions without authorization

C. Adding representatives from multiple departments when the outbreak becomes more complex

D. Hiring only external personnel to manage the outbreak

Câu 177 (Trắc nghiệm): How should a “communication crisis” during an outbreak be managed?

A. Hire celebrities to promote the hospital

B. Remain silent and refuse to answer any questions

C. Communicate transparently, accurately, and provide regular updates

D. Report only positive information and hide negative news

Câu 178 (Trắc nghiệm): What role do Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) personnel play in outbreak preparedness?

A. Recording the names of staff who arrive late for work

B. Replacing the hospital chief executive officer

C. Providing guidance and developing preparedness plans within the healthcare facility

D. Spraying insecticide throughout the entire city

Câu 179 (Trắc nghiệm): Which of the following is NOT included in a strategic pharmaceutical and supply management plan?

A. Ensuring the availability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

B. Implementing allocation and rationing policies for resource use

C. Advertising and selling medications to the public market

D. Developing a stockpiling strategy for essential medications

Câu 180 (Trắc nghiệm): Why should clinical specimens be collected as early as possible?

A. To satisfy the patient

B. Because the laboratory only operates in the morning

C. To rapidly identify the causative pathogen and implement appropriate interventions

D. To meet the deadline for the end-of-day report

Câu 181 (Trắc nghiệm): Which of the following actions demonstrates a nurse’s proactiveness and competence in outbreak control?

A. Always waiting for a doctor's order before wearing a mask

B. Correctly applying the five outbreak control action steps

C. Independently changing the concentration of disinfectants

D. Refusing to care for infected patients due to fear of transmission

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